getting rid of nosups

3 anni fa · 79684b1765
--- a/content/topic/against-the-coming-world-of-listening-machines.md
+++ b/content/topic/against-the-coming-world-of-listening-machines.md
@@ -19,84 +19,86 @@ sessions:

 "Machine listening" is one common term for a fast-growing interdisciplinary field of science and engineering which uses audio signal processing and machine learning to "make sense" of sound and speech.[^Cella, Serizel, Ellis] Machine listening is what enables you to be "understood" by Siri and Alexa, to Shazam a song, and to interact with many audio-assistive technologies if you are blind or vision impaired.[^alper] As early as the 90s, the term was already being used in computer music to describe the analytic dimension of ['interactive music systems'](https://wp.nyu.edu/robert_rowe/text/interactive-music-systems-1993/chapter5/),[^rowe] whose behavior changes in response to live musical input, though there are ![precedents](audio:static/audio/maier.mp3) even before that.[^maier_audio_1] Machine Listening was also, of course, a cornerstone of the mass surveillance programs revealed by Edward Snowden in 2013: SPIRITFIRE's "speech-to-text keyword search and paired dialogue transcription"; EViTAP's "automated news monitoring"; VoiceRT's "ingestion", according to one NSA slide, of Iraqi voice data into voiceprints. Domestically, machine listening technologies underpin the vast databases of vocal biometrics now held by many [prison providers](https://theintercept.com/2019/01/30/prison-voice-prints-databases-securus/ "Prisons Across the U.S. Are Quietly Building Databases of Incarcerated People’s Voice Prints") and, for instance, the [Australian Tax Office](https://www.computerworld.com/article/3474235/the-ato-now-holds-the-voiceprints-of-one-in-seven-australians.html "The ATO now holds the voiceprints of one in seven Australians"). And they are quickly being integrated into infrastructures of development, security and policing.

 ![Automatic speech recognition](audio:static/audio/kathy-reid-intro-to-ASR.mp3),[^kathy_audio_1] transcription and translation {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/22/ai-startup-transcribes-annotates-doctor-visits-for-patients/ "AI startup transcribes and annotates doctor visits for patients"), [ii](https://www.iflytek.com/en/products/#/Home "iFlyTek: Create a better world with A.I."), [iii](https://www.wired.com/story/iflytek-china-ai-giant-voice-chatting-surveillance/ "How a Chinese AI Giant Made Chatting—and Surveillance—Easy")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 targeted key word detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://theintercept.com/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/ "How the NSA Converts Spoken Words Into Searchable Text")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 vocal biometrics and audio fingerprinting[^li and mills] {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.nice.com/engage/real-time-technology/voice-biometrics/ "NICE leverages voice biometrics for safer and more secure customer authentication"), [ii](https://www.acrcloud.com/audio-fingerprinting/ "What Is Audio Fingerprinting?")]{{< /nosup >}}-
 speaker identification, differentiation, enumeration and location {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://theintercept.com/2018/01/19/voice-recognition-technology-nsa/ "Finding Your Voice"), [ii](https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100235169A1/en "Google Speech differentiation Patent")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 personality and emotion recognition {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86I3-VYIvAM "callAIser in action: Call Center agent gets desperate over angry customer")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 accent identification {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/17/14956532/germany-refugee-voice-analysis-dialect-speech-software "Germany to use voice analysis software to help determine where refugees come from")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 sound recognition {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://reality.ai/sound-recognition/ "Let your device hear and recognize sound with Reality AI")]{{< /nosup >}}-
 audio object recognition {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7295798 "Multimodal object recognition from visual and audio sequences")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 auditory scene analysis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.amazon.com/Computational-Auditory-Scene-Analysis-Applications/dp/0471741094 "Computational Auditory Scene Analysis: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications 1st Edition")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 ![Automatic speech recognition](audio:static/audio/kathy-reid-intro-to-ASR.mp3),[^kathy_audio_1] transcription and translation [[i](https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/22/ai-startup-transcribes-annotates-doctor-visits-for-patients/ "AI startup transcribes and annotates doctor visits for patients"), [ii](https://www.iflytek.com/en/products/#/Home "iFlyTek: Create a better world with A.I."), [iii](https://www.wired.com/story/iflytek-china-ai-giant-voice-chatting-surveillance/ "How a Chinese AI Giant Made Chatting—and Surveillance—Easy")] -
 targeted key word detection [[i](https://theintercept.com/2015/05/05/nsa-speech-recognition-snowden-searchable-text/ "How the NSA Converts Spoken Words Into Searchable Text")] -
 vocal biometrics and audio fingerprinting[^li and mills] [[i](https://www.nice.com/engage/real-time-technology/voice-biometrics/ "NICE leverages voice biometrics for safer and more secure customer authentication"), [ii](https://www.acrcloud.com/audio-fingerprinting/ "What Is Audio Fingerprinting?")]-
 speaker identification, differentiation, enumeration and location [[i](https://theintercept.com/2018/01/19/voice-recognition-technology-nsa/ "Finding Your Voice"), [ii](https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100235169A1/en "Google Speech differentiation Patent")] -
 personality and emotion recognition [[i](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86I3-VYIvAM "callAIser in action: Call Center agent gets desperate over angry customer")] -
 accent identification [[i](https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/17/14956532/germany-refugee-voice-analysis-dialect-speech-software "Germany to use voice analysis software to help determine where refugees come from")] -
 sound recognition [[i](https://reality.ai/sound-recognition/ "Let your device hear and recognize sound with Reality AI")]-
 audio object recognition [[i](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7295798 "Multimodal object recognition from visual and audio sequences")] -
 auditory scene analysis [[i](https://www.amazon.com/Computational-Auditory-Scene-Analysis-Applications/dp/0471741094 "Computational Auditory Scene Analysis: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications 1st Edition")] -
 intelligent audio analysis[^intelligent_audio_analysis] -
 audio event analysis[^virtanen] -
 audio context awareness {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1285814 "Audio-based context awareness acoustic modeling and perceptual evaluation")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 music mood analysis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Multi-Modal-Non-Prototypical-Music-Mood-Analysis-in-Schuller-Weninger/ed0c10ca76ea8ee17514fa569ddf9d0ac7c3a6d5 "Multi-Modal Non-Prototypical Music Mood Analysis in Continuous Space: Reliability and Performances")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 music identification {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.shazam.com/ "Shazam: Name any song in seconds")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 cover song identification {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/marl/research/projects/cover-song-identification)]{{< /nosup >}} -
 audio context awareness [[i](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1285814 "Audio-based context awareness acoustic modeling and perceptual evaluation")] -
 music mood analysis [[i](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Multi-Modal-Non-Prototypical-Music-Mood-Analysis-in-Schuller-Weninger/ed0c10ca76ea8ee17514fa569ddf9d0ac7c3a6d5 "Multi-Modal Non-Prototypical Music Mood Analysis in Continuous Space: Reliability and Performances")] -
 music identification [[i](https://www.shazam.com/ "Shazam: Name any song in seconds")] -
 cover song identification [[i](https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/marl/research/projects/cover-song-identification)] -
 music playlist generation[^seaver] -
 audio synthesis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://paperswithcode.com/task/audio-generation "Audio Generation")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 speech synthesis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://deepmind.com/blog/article/wavenet-generative-model-raw-audio " WaveNet: A generative model for raw audio "), [ii](https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech " Convert text into natural-sounding speech using an API powered by Google’s AI technologies."), [iii](https://www.descript.com/lyrebird "Lyrebird AI
 Using artificial intelligence to enable creative expression.")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 musical synthesis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://openai.com/blog/jukebox/ "Jukebox, a neural net that generates music")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 adversarial music {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00126 "Real World Audio Adversary Against Wake-word Detection System")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 brand sonification {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.audioanalytic.com/brand-sonification-power-recognising-sounds-brands/ "RBrand sonification: The power of recognising the sounds of brands")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 aggression detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.soundintel.com/products/overview/aggression/ "Deterring and Preventing Assault"), [ii](https://www.audeering.com/what-we-do/automotive/ "Cars take care of their passengers")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 depression detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://news.mit.edu/2018/neural-network-model-detect-depression-conversations-0830 "
 Model can more naturally detect depression in conversations")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 laughter detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](http://www.hannahishere.com/project/the-laughing-room-with-jonny-sun/ "The Laughing Room")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 emotion detection - {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2020/8/27/21402493/amazon-halo-band-health-fitness-body-scan-tone-emotion-activity-sleep?__twitter_impression=true&s=09 "Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice")]{{< /nosup >}}
 intoxication detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872081/ "Intoxicated Speech Detection: A Fusion Framework with Speaker-Normalized Hierarchical Functionals and GMM Supervectors")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 audio synthesis [[i](https://paperswithcode.com/task/audio-generation "Audio Generation")] -
 speech synthesis [[i](https://deepmind.com/blog/article/wavenet-generative-model-raw-audio " WaveNet: A generative model for raw audio "), [ii](https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech " Convert text into natural-sounding speech using an API powered by Google’s AI technologies."), [iii](https://www.descript.com/lyrebird "Lyrebird AI
 Using artificial intelligence to enable creative expression.")] -
 musical synthesis [[i](https://openai.com/blog/jukebox/ "Jukebox, a neural net that generates music")] -
 adversarial music [[i](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00126 "Real World Audio Adversary Against Wake-word Detection System")] -
 brand sonification [[i](https://www.audioanalytic.com/brand-sonification-power-recognising-sounds-brands/ "RBrand sonification: The power of recognising the sounds of brands")] -
 aggression detection [[i](https://www.soundintel.com/products/overview/aggression/ "Deterring and Preventing Assault"), [ii](https://www.audeering.com/what-we-do/automotive/ "Cars take care of their passengers")] -
 depression detection [[i](https://news.mit.edu/2018/neural-network-model-detect-depression-conversations-0830 "
 Model can more naturally detect depression in conversations")] -
 laughter detection [[i](http://www.hannahishere.com/project/the-laughing-room-with-jonny-sun/ "The Laughing Room")] -
 emotion detection - [[i](https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2020/8/27/21402493/amazon-halo-band-health-fitness-body-scan-tone-emotion-activity-sleep?__twitter_impression=true&s=09 "Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice")]
 intoxication detection [[i](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872081/ "Intoxicated Speech Detection: A Fusion Framework with Speaker-Normalized Hierarchical Functionals and GMM Supervectors")] -
 scream detection[^lei_mak] -
 lie detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.nemesysco.com/lva-technology/ "https://www.nemesysco.com/lva-technology/")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 hoax detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://amp.abc.net.au/article/12568084 "University of Southern Queensland gets $300k for hoax emergency call detection technology")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 gunshot detection - {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.shotspotter.com/ "Enhance Public Safety and SiteSecurity with ShotSpotter")]{{< /nosup >}}
 parkinson's diagnosis {{< nosup >}}[[i](http://www.canaryspeech.com/ "Using voice to identify human conditions sooner.")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 covid diagnosis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://app.surveylex.com/surveys/5384d6d0-6499-11ea-bc3a-b32c3ca92036 "We are launching an initiative to collect your voices with a goal to be able to triage, screen and monitor COVID-19 virus.")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 machine fault diagnosis - psychosis diagnosis {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190613104552.htm "The whisper of schizophrenia: Machine learning finds 'sound' words predict psychosis")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 bird sound identification {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://voicebot.ai/2020/06/26/voice-match-is-for-the-birds-new-google-competition-seeks-avian-audio-ai/ "Voice Match is for the Birds")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 gender identification and ethnicity detection {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://theintercept.com/2018/11/15/amazon-echo-voice-recognition-accents-alexa/ "Amazon’s Accent Recognition Technology Could Tell the Government Where You’re From")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 age determination {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.phonexia.com/en/product/age-estimation "Phonexia Age Estimation speech technology automatically estimates the age of a speaker")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 voice likability determination {{< nosup >}}[[i](hhttps://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3123266.3123338 "A Paralinguistic Approach To Speaker Diarisation: Using Age, Gender, Voice Likability and Personality Traits")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 risk assessment {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.clearspeed.com/ "Clearspeed: Using the Power of Voice for Good")]...{{< /nosup >}}
 lie detection [[i](https://www.nemesysco.com/lva-technology/ "https://www.nemesysco.com/lva-technology/")] -
 hoax detection [[i](https://amp.abc.net.au/article/12568084 "University of Southern Queensland gets $300k for hoax emergency call detection technology")] -
 gunshot detection - [[i](https://www.shotspotter.com/ "Enhance Public Safety and SiteSecurity with ShotSpotter")]
 parkinson's diagnosis [[i](http://www.canaryspeech.com/ "Using voice to identify human conditions sooner.")] -
 covid diagnosis [[i](https://app.surveylex.com/surveys/5384d6d0-6499-11ea-bc3a-b32c3ca92036 "We are launching an initiative to collect your voices with a goal to be able to triage, screen and monitor COVID-19 virus.")] -
 machine fault diagnosis - psychosis diagnosis [[i](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190613104552.htm "The whisper of schizophrenia: Machine learning finds 'sound' words predict psychosis")] -
 bird sound identification [[i](https://voicebot.ai/2020/06/26/voice-match-is-for-the-birds-new-google-competition-seeks-avian-audio-ai/ "Voice Match is for the Birds")] -
 gender identification and ethnicity detection [[i](https://theintercept.com/2018/11/15/amazon-echo-voice-recognition-accents-alexa/ "Amazon’s Accent Recognition Technology Could Tell the Government Where You’re From")] -
 age determination [[i](https://www.phonexia.com/en/product/age-estimation "Phonexia Age Estimation speech technology automatically estimates the age of a speaker")] -
 voice likability determination [[i](hhttps://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3123266.3123338 "A Paralinguistic Approach To Speaker Diarisation: Using Age, Gender, Voice Likability and Personality Traits")] -
 risk assessment [[i](https://www.clearspeed.com/ "Clearspeed: Using the Power of Voice for Good")]...
 {.nosup}

 These applications are all either currently in use by states, corporations and other entities around the world, or under development. The list is obviously ![not exhaustive](audio:static/audio/mattern_critique.mp3).[^mattern] Nor does it convey the real diversity of markets, cyberphysical, social and political contexts into which these applications are quickly embedding themselves:

 Digital voice assistants -
 voice user interfaces -
 state and corporate surveillance {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://paranoid.com/products "Paranoid Home. Data is forever. Get Paranoid.")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 state and corporate surveillance [[i](https://paranoid.com/products "Paranoid Home. Data is forever. Get Paranoid.")] -
 profiling -
 border security -
 home security -
 pre-emptive policing -
 weapons systems -
 court systems {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://verbit.ai/industries-legal/ "Revolutionizing Legal Transcription"), [ii](https://www.wired.com/story/star-witness-your-smart-speaker/ "Meet the Star Witness: Your Smart Speaker")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 court systems [[i](https://verbit.ai/industries-legal/ "Revolutionizing Legal Transcription"), [ii](https://www.wired.com/story/star-witness-your-smart-speaker/ "Meet the Star Witness: Your Smart Speaker")] -
 hospital systems -
 call centre optimisation -
 oral hygiene {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/354686oral-b-ushers-alexa-into-bathroom-with-new-voice-i.html "health and beauty aids Oral B Ushers Alexa Into Bathroom With New Voice-Integrated Toothbrush")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 oral hygiene [[i](https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/354686oral-b-ushers-alexa-into-bathroom-with-new-voice-i.html "health and beauty aids Oral B Ushers Alexa Into Bathroom With New Voice-Integrated Toothbrush")] -
 disability services -
 grocery store wayfinding {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/27/business/amazon-fresh-first-grocery-store/index.html "Alexa, what aisle is the milk in?")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 ambient elderly monitoring {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://get.cherryhome.ai/care/ "Cherry Home")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 baby monitoring {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/25/ai-baby-monitors/ "AI baby monitors attract anxious parents: ‘Fear is the quickest way to get people’s attention’")]{{< /nosup >}}-
 house arrest monitoring {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.shadowtrack.com/about_us/security/ "VOICE BIOMETRICS FOR HOUSE ARREST MONITORING")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 grocery store wayfinding [[i](https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/27/business/amazon-fresh-first-grocery-store/index.html "Alexa, what aisle is the milk in?")] -
 ambient elderly monitoring [[i](https://get.cherryhome.ai/care/ "Cherry Home")] -
 baby monitoring [[i](https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/25/ai-baby-monitors/ "AI baby monitors attract anxious parents: ‘Fear is the quickest way to get people’s attention’")]-
 house arrest monitoring [[i](https://www.shadowtrack.com/about_us/security/ "VOICE BIOMETRICS FOR HOUSE ARREST MONITORING")] -
 ![human rights monitoring](audio:static/audio/intro-to-pulse-and-radio-content-analysis.mp3)[^andre_audio_1] -
 remote education and proctoring {{< nosup >}}[[i](hhttps://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2020/07/28/michigan-online-bar-test-michigan/5518279002/ "Michigan’s online bar exam testers worry software tracks eye movements, noises")]{{< /nosup >}}-
 school security {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://features.propublica.org/aggression-detector/the-unproven-invasive-surveillance-technology-schools-are-using-to-monitor-students/ "In response to mass shootings, some schools and hospitals are installing microphones equipped with algorithms")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 remote education and proctoring [[i](hhttps://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2020/07/28/michigan-online-bar-test-michigan/5518279002/ "Michigan’s online bar exam testers worry software tracks eye movements, noises")]-
 school security [[i](https://features.propublica.org/aggression-detector/the-unproven-invasive-surveillance-technology-schools-are-using-to-monitor-students/ "In response to mass shootings, some schools and hospitals are installing microphones equipped with algorithms")] -
 remote diagnostics -
 biomonitoring and personalised health {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.voiceome.org/ "The Voiceome Project")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 biomonitoring and personalised health [[i](https://www.voiceome.org/ "The Voiceome Project")] -
 social distancing -
 music streaming -
 music education -
 composition {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://disclaimer.org.au/contents/holly-herndon-and-mat-dryhurst-in-conversation-with-sean-dockray "Inhuman Intelligence")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 gaming - {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://voicebot.ai/2020/06/05/new-sony-patent-elaborates-how-the-playstation-5-voice-assistant-will-help-you-kill-zombies/ "New Sony Patent Elaborates How the PlayStation 5 Voice Assistant Will Help You Kill Zombies")]{{< /nosup >}}
 brand development {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.adnews.com.au/news/the-most-effective-brand-audio-logos-in-australia "The most effective brand audio logos in Australia")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 marketing {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.veritonic.com/ "Veritonic The Sonic Truth")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 acoustic ecology {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiUnKOJmfzrAhXm-GEKHYraD18QFjAGegQIARAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitpressjournals.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1162%2Fisal_a_00059&usg=AOvVaw3cJs8wtpsNJTHANaG1E5e6 "Toward a Synthetic Acoustic Ecology")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 employee performance metrics {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/21/18151738/walmart-eavesdrop-patent-customer-employee-privacy "Walmart secured a patent to eavesdrop on shoppers and employees")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 wearables {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.wareable.com/wearable-tech/amazon-halo-wearable-announced-8068 "If you thought Alexa was creepy, try the new Amazon Halo wearable")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 hearables {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuoxprrEwbg "Sony: Ambient Sound Control"), [ii](https://www.audioanalytic.com/use-cases/hearables/ "The future is ear")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 recruitment, banking and insurance {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://www.clearspeed.com/ "Identify Risk. Reduce Fraud. Build Trust.")]{{< /nosup >}} -
 voice banking and vocal proshetics {{< nosup >}}[[i](https://vocalid.ai/individual/vocal-legacy/ "Vocal Legacy")]{{< /nosup >}}
 composition [[i](https://disclaimer.org.au/contents/holly-herndon-and-mat-dryhurst-in-conversation-with-sean-dockray "Inhuman Intelligence")] -
 gaming - [[i](https://voicebot.ai/2020/06/05/new-sony-patent-elaborates-how-the-playstation-5-voice-assistant-will-help-you-kill-zombies/ "New Sony Patent Elaborates How the PlayStation 5 Voice Assistant Will Help You Kill Zombies")]
 brand development [[i](https://www.adnews.com.au/news/the-most-effective-brand-audio-logos-in-australia "The most effective brand audio logos in Australia")] -
 marketing [[i](https://www.veritonic.com/ "Veritonic The Sonic Truth")] -
 acoustic ecology [[i](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiUnKOJmfzrAhXm-GEKHYraD18QFjAGegQIARAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitpressjournals.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1162%2Fisal_a_00059&usg=AOvVaw3cJs8wtpsNJTHANaG1E5e6 "Toward a Synthetic Acoustic Ecology")] -
 employee performance metrics [[i](https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/21/18151738/walmart-eavesdrop-patent-customer-employee-privacy "Walmart secured a patent to eavesdrop on shoppers and employees")] -
 wearables [[i](https://www.wareable.com/wearable-tech/amazon-halo-wearable-announced-8068 "If you thought Alexa was creepy, try the new Amazon Halo wearable")] -
 hearables [[i](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuoxprrEwbg "Sony: Ambient Sound Control"), [ii](https://www.audioanalytic.com/use-cases/hearables/ "The future is ear")] -
 recruitment, banking and insurance [[i](https://www.clearspeed.com/ "Identify Risk. Reduce Fraud. Build Trust.")] -
 voice banking and vocal proshetics [[i](https://vocalid.ai/individual/vocal-legacy/ "Vocal Legacy")]
 {.nosup}

 As with all forms of machine learning, questions of efficacy, access, privacy, bias, fairness and transparency arise with every use case. But machine listening also demands to be treated as an epistemic and political system in its own right, that [casts a shadow](https://youtu.be/iyyM4vDg0xw), that increasingly enables, shapes and constrains basic human possibilities, that is making our auditory worlds knowable in new ways, to new institutions, according to new logics, and is remaking (sonic) life in the process.